Abstract:Insulin resistance（IR）refers to a pathological condition in which the body’s sensitivity to insulin decreases. The resulting disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism can lead to the onset and progression of various chronic diseases，such as type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM），coronary heart disease，metabolic syndrome，etc. The pathogenesis of IR is complex，but with in-depth research，accumulating evidence has suggested that gut microbiota can affect the development and progression of IR by regulating energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. Probiotics not only regulate gut microbiota and impact energy intake，but also promote health by activating immune responses. Therefore，the use of probiotics to modulate gut microbiota and intervene in the development of IR has garnered increasing attention. This review summarizes the current research advancements regarding the pathogenesis of IR，as well as the related mechanisms by which gut microbiota，especially probiotics，affect IR.