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投稿时间：2025-11-12 网络发布日期：2026-07-30
投稿时间：2025-11-12 网络发布日期：2026-07-30
中文摘要: 目的 探讨南京市江北地区3 028例患者霉菌过敏反应的影响因素与霉菌过敏性疾病谱特征，为霉菌过敏性疾病的预防和诊断提供科学依据。方法 回顾性选取2021年12月至2024年12月在南京医科大学第四附属医院进行烟曲霉和霉菌混合（黄青霉、多主枝孢、烟曲霉、白色念珠菌、链格孢、长蠕孢霉）过敏原检测阳性的3 028 例患者，结合年龄、季节、性别和临床诊断等对其血清特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）检测结果进行统计分析。结果 3 028例患者烟曲霉和霉菌混合阳性者sIgE阳性率分别为8.62%和23.18%。0~3岁、4~6岁、7~14岁、≥15岁四个年龄组间烟曲霉、霉菌混合阳性者sIgE阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=37.311、272.222，P<0.01）；4~6岁和7~14 岁sIgE 阳性率在烟曲霉（10.1%、14.0%）和霉菌混合阳性者（36.1%、35.3%）中分别高于0～3 岁、≥15 岁（P<0.008）。霉菌混合阳性者sIgE阳性率四季间差异有统计学意义（χ2=24.991，P<0.01）；夏季霉菌混合阳性者sIgE阳性率（29.0%）分别高于春、冬季（20.6%、17.9%，P<0.008）。男性烟曲霉和霉菌混合阳性者sIgE 阳性率（11.5%和29.7%），分别高于女性的5.4%和16.0%（χ2=35.893、78.994，P<0.01）。不同年龄、季节致敏强度差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。霉菌过敏性疾病主要是哮喘、肺炎等呼吸道疾病。结论 年龄、季节和性别是影响霉菌过敏反应的重要因素，烟曲霉和霉菌混合阳性者的血清sIgE检测有助于为霉菌过敏性疾病的预防和诊断提供科学依据。
Abstract:Objective To explore influencing factors and disease spectrum features of mold allergy among 3 028 patients in Jiangbei area of Nanjing，so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and diagnosis of mold allergic diseases.Methods A total of 3 028 patients with positive allergen test results for Aspergillus fumigatus and mixed molds（including Penicillium chrysogenum，Cladosporium herbarum，Aspergillus fumigatus，Candida albicans，Alternaria，Helminthosporium）at Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2021 to December 2024，were retrospectively enrolled. Statistical analysis was performed on their serum specific immunoglobulin E（sIgE）test results with reference to age, season, gender, clinical diagnosis. Results The serum sIgE positive rates of 3 028 cases with positivity for Aspergillus fumigatus and mixed molds were 8.62% and 23.18%，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of sIgE for patients with positive Aspergillus fumigatus and mixed molds among the four age（0-3 years，4-6 years，7-14 years，≥15 years）（χ2=37.311，272.222，P<0.01）. The sIgE positive rates of the 4-6 years and 7-14 years were higher than those of the 0-3 years and ≥15 years for patients with positive Aspergillus fumigatus（10.1% ，14.0%）and mixed molds（36.1% ，35.3%），respectively（P<0.008）. There was a statistically significant seasonal difference in the sIgE positive rate among patients with positive mixed molds （χ2=24.991，P<0.01）. The sIgE positive rate of patients with positive mixed molds in summer（29.0%）was significantly higher than that in spring and winter（20.6% and 17.9%，P<0.008），respectively. The sIgE positive rates for Aspergillus fumigatus and mixed molds positivity in males（11.5% and 29.7%）were higher than those in females（5.4% and 16.0%）（χ2=35.893，78.994，P<0.01）. The intensity of mold sensitization varied significantly by age and season（P<0.01）. Mold allergic diseases were mainly respiratory illnesses such as asthma and pneumonia. Conclusion Age，season and gender are important factors affecting mold allergic reactions. Detection of serum sIgE against Aspergillus fumigatus and mixed molds helps provide scientific evidence for the prevention and diagnosis of mold allergic diseases.
文章编号： 中图分类号：R446.6 文献标志码：A
基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（32400043）
附件
| Author Name | Affiliation |
| WANG Hao，GUO Mengchen，SHA Sha，LI Xiangting，HUA Xiaoli | Department of Laboratory Medicine,Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210031,China |
引用文本：
王昊，郭梦晨，沙莎，李湘婷，化晓莉.霉菌阳性者血清特异性IgE 3 028例检测结果分析[J].中国临床研究,2026,39(7):1092-1096.
王昊，郭梦晨，沙莎，李湘婷，化晓莉.霉菌阳性者血清特异性IgE 3 028例检测结果分析[J].中国临床研究,2026,39(7):1092-1096.