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投稿时间：2025-12-28 网络发布日期：2026-07-30
投稿时间：2025-12-28 网络发布日期：2026-07-30
中文摘要: 目的 通过鼻腔及鼻咽拭子采样检测，初步探索国内成人上呼吸道免疫细胞组成与年龄、健康状况的关系。方法 选取2024年11月28日至2024年12月10日南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院参与调查者49例，按年龄分为青年组（<40 岁，21 例）、中年组（40~60 岁，12 例）、老年组（>60 岁，16 例），根据临床及电子喉镜下表现分为健康组与患病组。采集鼻腔下鼻甲中点及鼻咽拭子样本，采用流式细胞术检测B细胞、T细胞及其亚群比例，分析两个部位间、不同年龄间免疫细胞分布的差异。结果 （1）B细胞和T细胞总体分布：鼻咽部位B细胞比例显著高于下鼻甲中点部位（t=11.320，P<0.01），T 细胞比例显著低于下鼻甲中点部位（t=5.784，P<0.01）。（2）T 细胞亚群、特异性免疫细胞分布：与下鼻甲中点部位比较，鼻咽部位CD4+/CD8+比值、CD4+ T细胞、生发中心（GC）B细胞、滤泡辅助性T 细胞及浆细胞比例更高（P<0.01），CD8+ T 细胞比例更低（P<0.01）。（3）年龄分层分析：在鼻咽拭子中，青年及中年患病组CD8+T细胞比例较健康组升高（P<0.05）；老年患者的免疫细胞比例变化呈现紊乱趋势，记忆B细胞比例患病组较健康组升高（P<0.05）。结论 该地区成人上呼吸道免疫细胞分布存在解剖部位及年龄特异性，尽管腺样体组织随着年龄的增长而萎缩，鼻咽部位仍具有更活跃的体液免疫微环境。
Abstract:Objective To preliminarily investigate the composition of immune cells in the upper respiratory tract（URT）of domestic adults and their relationship with age and health status through nasal and nasopharyngeal swab sampling detection. Methods From November 28，2024，to December 10，2024，49 outpatients from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital，the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School were selected for the survey. They were divided into three groups based on age：young group（<40 years，21 cases），middle-aged group（40-60 years，12 cases），and elderly group （>60 years，16 cases）. According to their clinical manifestations and findings under electronic laryngoscopy，they were further divided into healthy group and diseased group. Swab samples were collected from the midpoint of the inferior nasal turbinate（MT）and nasopharynx. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the proportions of B cells，T cells and their subsets. Differences in immune cell distribution between the two anatomical sites and among different age groups were analyzed. Results （1）Overall distribution of B cells and T cells：the proportion of B cells in the nasopharynx site was significantly higher than that in the MT site（t=11.320，P<0.01），while the proportion of T cells was significantly lower than that in the MT site（t=5.784，P<0.01）.（2）Distribution of T cell subsets and specific immune cells：compared with MT site，the nasopharynx site had a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio，higher proportions of CD4+ T cells，germinal center（GC）B cells，follicular helper T cells，and plasma cells（P<0.01），while the proportion of CD8+ T cells was lower（P<0.01）.（3）Age-stratified analysis：in nasopharynx swabs，the proportion of CD8+ T cells was increased in the young and middle-aged diseased groups compared with the healthy group（P<0.05）；in the elderly patients，changes in immune cell proportions showed a disordered trend，with the proportion of memory B cells being higher in diseased group than that in healthy group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The distribution of adult URT immune cells in this region exhibits specificity of anatomical site and age. Although adenoid tissue atrophies with age，the nasopharynx site still has a more active humoral immune microenvironment.
keywords: Upper respiratory tract Swab Nasopharynx Inferior nasal turbinate Germinal center B lymphocyte T lymphocyte
文章编号： 中图分类号：R76 文献标志码：A
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（82301313）；江苏省医学重点学科/实验室（ZDXK202243）
附件
引用文本：
李雅兰,王俊国,唐磊磊,等.基于拭子检测的成人上呼吸道免疫多样性初步调查[J].中国临床研究,2026,39(7):1086-1091.
李雅兰,王俊国,唐磊磊,等.基于拭子检测的成人上呼吸道免疫多样性初步调查[J].中国临床研究,2026,39(7):1086-1091.