Abstract:Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics and risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients after craniocerebral surgery. Methods A total of 267 patients who underwent craniocerebral surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery of Ma'anshan People's Hospital from June 2022 to May 2024 were selected as the research subjects. The etiological characteristics and risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection were analyzed. Results Among the 267patients investigated after craniocerebral surgery，29 developed postoperative pulmonary infection，with an infection incidence rate of 10.86%. Pathogen distribution：A total of 45 strains of pathogens were isolated from 29 patients with pulmonary infection，including 57.78%（26/45）gram- negative bacteria，33.33%（15/45）fungi，and 8.89%（4/45）gram?positive bacteria. Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae had higher detection rates，accounting for 22.22%（10/45）and 20.00%（9/45），respectively. Multi drug- resistant bacteria：a total of 12 strains of specific multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected，including 4 strains of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA，detectionrate 100%，4/4），6 strains of carbapenem?resistant A cinetobacter baumannii（CRAB，detection rate 85.71%，6/7），and2 strains of carbapenem- resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA，detection rate 40.00%，2/5）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis：hospitalization days［Or=1.123，95%CI（1.044~1.207）］，cerebrovascular accident［Or=15.103，95%CI（2.684~84.978）］，and time on mechanical ventilation［Or=1.078，95%CI（1.031~1.127）］were independent influencing factor for pulmonary infection. Conclusion Pulmonary infection is a common complication after craniocerebral surgery ，primarily caused by gram?negative bacteria. Close attention should be paid to patients ，with cerebrovascular accidents，prolonged hospitalization days or long duration of mechanical ventilation，and effective infection prevention and control measures should be taken promptly to reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection.