Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and adiponectin (APN) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and their prognostic evaluation value. Methods A total of 100 AMI patients treated at the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from August 2020 to September 2023 were included. According to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score at admission, patients were divided into low-risk group (≤108 points, n=31), intermediate-risk group (109-140 points, n=49), and high-risk group (>140 points, n=20). Based on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 6 months after discharge, patients were divided into the good prognosis group (n=66) and poor prognosis group (n=34). The serum levels of GDF-15, BNP, and APN were compared among patients with different severity levels and prognoses. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between serum GDF-15, BNP, APN, and the severity of the patients’ condition. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors associated with the occurrence of MACE in AMI patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive value of serum GDF-15, BNP, and APN for the prognosis of AMI patients. Results Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (t= 4.457, P＜0.01), GDF-15 (t= 5.143, P＜0.01), and BNP (t= 5.437, P＜0.01), with statistically significant differences. The poor prognosis group had lower white blood cell count (WBC) (t= 2.033, P= 0.045) and APN levels (t= 5.891, P＜0.01) than the good prognosis group, with statistically significant differences. As the severity of the condition worsened, serum GDF-15 and BNP levels increased, while APN levels decreased (F=14.101, 70.534, 31.011, P＜0.05). Serum GDF-15 and BNP were positively correlated with the GRACE score (r=0.618, 0.672, P＜0.05), and APN levels were negatively correlated with the GRACE score (r=-0.724, P＜0.05). High levels of LDL-C, GDF-15, and BNP were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of MACE, while high levels of APN were protective factors (P＜0.05). The combined detection of GDF-15, BNP, and APN for predicting the prognosis of AMI patients had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.896, which was higher than that for GDF-15 (0.785), BNP (0.779), and APN (0.845) individually. Conclusion The levels of serum GDF-15, BNP, and APN in AMI patients have certain reference value for clinical evaluation of the patients’ condition and prognosis.