Abstract:Diabetes mellitus is closely associated with cognitive dysfunction, and prolonged hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of dementia in patients by impairing cognitive function through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, accumulation of glycosylation end products, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. Glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor agonists（GLP-1RAs）, as the core therapeutic agents for diabetes mellitus, have been recommended for diabetes mellitus patients with comorbidities of obesity, cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. There are an increasing number of animal experiments and clinical trials on the effects and related mechanisms of cognitive function in patients with diabetes mellitus. This article focuses on exploring the possible mechanisms of GLP-1RAsintreating cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus, and provides suggestions for further research.