Abstract:Effective detection methods play a pivotal role in early identification of cancer signal, thereby enhancing patient survival rates. Liquid biopsy, as a burgeoning non-invasive technology, provides comprehensive tumor information through body fluid analysis, thus guiding precise cancer treatment. Key biomarkers in liquid biopsy encompass circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, micro-RNA, exosomes, etc. Leveraging diverse techniques for distinct biomarker detection offers tailored guidance for tumor treatments across different stages, prolongs patient survival, and improves life quality. In contrast to tissue biopsies, liquid biopsy boasts non-invasiveness, surmounts tumor heterogeneity and enables real-time dynamic monitoring. With continual technological evolution, liquid biopsy has demonstrated pivotal clinical guidance in early, intermediate, and advanced-stage cancers, encompassing treatment guidance, drug resistance mechanism exploration, patient prognosis prediction, recurrence monitoring, and facilitating early tumor screening. This article conducts an in-depth analysis of liquid biopsy technology and biomarkers while summarizing and discussing its research advancements in the comprehensive management of tumor diagnosis and treatment.