Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of transurethral holmium laser en-bloc resection of bladder tumor (HOLRBT) and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in the treatment of non-invasive bladder cancer. Methods Eighty-six patients with non-invasive bladder cancer treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the observation group (treated with HOLRBT) and the control group (treated with TURBT), with 43 patients in each group. The following indexes were compared, including operation time, hospital stay, bleeding volume, bladder irrigation time, urinary catheter retention time, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets（CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺）, serum micro-RNA-119a (miR-119a), cytokeratin fragment antigen (CYFRA21-1), urine nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP-22) levels, as well as the complications rates, recurrence rates and survival time. Results There was no statistically significant difference in operation time, hospital stay, and complication incidence between the two groups (P＞0.05). The bleeding volume, bladder irrigation time, and urinary catheter retention time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, miR-119a, CYFRA21-A and NMP-22 (P＞0.05). Three days after surgery, levels of CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while levels of CD8⁺, miR-119a, CYFRA21-A, and NMP-22 were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). During the follow-up to June 2023, the 1-year and 2-year postoperative recurrence rates in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the progression-free survival time was longer than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion HOLRBT has an ideal effect in the treatment of non-invasive bladder cancer, which is conducive to prolonging the postoperative progression-free survival time and reducing the recurrence rate of patients.