Abstract:With the diversified development of molecular detection technology, liquid biopsy has been noticed and explored by more and more researchers because of its non-invasive and available characteristics. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), as one of the free DNA in plasma, is an important component in liquid biopsy. In recent years, the importance of ctDNA in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been increasing. This article mainly reviews the latest researches of ctDNA in predicting the postoperative recurrence, adjuvant therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy of NSCLC, and provides new ideas and strategies for individualized treatment of NSCLC patients.