Abstract:Objective To investigate vaginal microecology, glycolipid metabolism levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and their correlation with pregnancy outcome. Methods A total of 150 GDM patients who received treatment at Ningde Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to October 2022 were selected as observation group, and other 70 healthy women with normal pregnancy were selected as the control group. The levels of vaginal microecology, glycolipid metabolism were detected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the adverse factors affecting pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Results The imbalance rate of vaginal microbiota in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ［59.33%（89/150）vs 21.43%（15/70）, χ²=27.51, P<0.01］. Compared with control group, observation group had higher levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and had lower level of albumin (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in vaginal pH between the two groups (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (34.67% vs 7.14%, χ²=18.835, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that vaginal microbiota imbalance, as well as high level of TC, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c and IL-6 were the independent influencing factors for poor pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Conclusion GDM can lead to abnormal glycolipid metabolism levels in pregnant women, as well as imbalance in vaginal microbiota, which may affect pregnancy outcomes.