Abstract:Hypothyroidism is a group of clinical symptoms of thyroid hormone deficiency, which can lead to mood abnormalities or cognitive decline in different degrees. In recent years, several studies have investigated the relationship between hypothyroidism and mood and cognitive functions, but the mechanism of hypothyroidism and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders has not been consistently concluded. This review will focus on pathogenesis of anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment associated with hypothyroidism, in order to explore the characteristic pathophysiological changes of abnormal mood regulation and cognitive impairment in hypothyroidism, so that effective prevention and treatment can be carried out.