Abstract:Sepsis is the leading cause of ICU mortality, and can cause multi-organ dysfunction, of which the lung is the most vulnerable target organ. A storm of inflammatory factors occurs in early sepsis, and the inflammation, endothelial system and oxidative stress aggravate lung injury, leading to acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Many immune and non-immune cells are involved in the onset and progression of septic lung injury. Due to the complexity of the mechanisms, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the mechanisms of septic lung injury. This article expounds the pathogenesis and treatment outlook of septic lung injury from the aspects of pathology, direct lung injury and indirect lung injury, complement damage of the innate immune system, changes of cells related to septic lung injury, pyroptosis and potential treatment strategies.