Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status of anxiety, depression and psychological resilience in postoperative patients with thyroid cancer, and to explore the influence of neuroticism characteristics on anxiety and depression and the mediating effect of psychological resilience. Methods Using convenient sampling method, 213 patients with thyroid cancer after surgery in a tumor hospital in Heilongjiang Province were selected as research subjects. The questionnaire survey was performed on all subjects through general demographic questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (CBF-PI).Results The scores of anxieties, depression and resilience of the patients were 12.39±2.90, 10.44±2.65 and 35.29±7.54, respectively. Personality traits scores showed neuroticism (25.42±7.79), conscientiousness (33.60±6.78), agreeableness (32.40±5.79), openness (26.55±8.47) and extroversion (27.62±6.98), respectively. Anxiety and depression were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.307, 0.278, P＜0.01) and were negatively correlated with psychological resilience (r=-0.432, -0.247, P＜0.01). Mental resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety and depression in thyroid cancer patients. Conclusion In the postoperative patients with thyroid cancer, neuroticism can directly affect the level of anxiety and depression, and psychological resilience has a mediating role.