Abstract:Colorectal cancer（CRC）is one of the most prevalent cancers with a high overall mortality rate，and its early diagnosis is recognized as an effective strategy to improve survival rates among CRC patients. The occurrence and progression of CRC are associated with multiple factors. In recent years，the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC has garnered extensive attention. Numerous studies have indicated that gut microbiota play pivotal roles in the initiation，progression，and metastasis of CRC，and has the potential to serve as a biomarker for disease screening，prognosis，and treatment outcome prediction，which may offer new opportunities for clinical applications. This review synthesizes recent research advances，summarizes the compositional characteristics of the gut microbiota and the mechanisms by which they mediate the occurrence and progression of CRC，and focuses on elaborating their clinical application value in disease diagnosis and treatment，aiming to provide new strategies for the precise diagnosis and treatment of CRC.