Abstract:Objective To investigate the levels of serum chemokine CX3C ligand 1（CX3CL1）and galectin-3（Gal-3）in persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn （PPHN） and their relationship with the disease condition and prognosis，and to provide a reference for the assessment and prognostic prediction of PPHN. Methods A total of 196 newborns with secondary PPHN admitted to the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from February 2021 to December 2024 were regarded as the study subjects（case group）. And the newborns were separated into severe group（n=65），moderate group（n=71），and mild group（n=60）according to the severity of the disease condition. Another 196 normal newborns who were delivered at full term during the same period were regarded as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was applied to detect serum levels of CX3CL1 and Gal-3. Spearman correlation coefficient was applied to analyze the relationship between serum levels of CX3CL1 and Gal-3 and the severity of PPHN in infants. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of newborns with PPHN. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve was applied to evaluate the predictive value of serum CX3CL1 and Gal-3 for the prognosis of infants with PPHN. Results The serum levels of CX3CL1 and Gal-3 in the case group were higher than those in the control group（P＜0.05）. The serum levels of CX3CL1 and Gal-3 decreased sequentially in the severe，moderate，and mild groups（P＜0.05）. Serum levels of CX3CL1 and Gal-3 were positively correlated with the severity of PPHN in newborns（r=0.516，0.493，P＜0.05）. The proportions of oxygenation index≥16，serum CX3CL1 and Gal-3 levels in the death group（n=33）showed significant differences compared to the survival group （n=163）（P＜0.01）. An oxygenation index ≥16 and elevated serum levels of CX3CL1 and Gal-3 were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in infants with PPHN（P＜0.05）. The area under the curve（AUC）of serum CX3CL1 and Gal-3 in combination for predicting the prognosis of newborns with PPHN was 0.873（95%CI：0.791-0.931），with a sensitivity of 90.91% and a specificity of 80.60%. The AUC of combined detection of the two was higher than that of CX3CL1 and Gal-3 alone（Z=2.159，P=0.032；Z=2.037，P=0.045）. Conclusion The elevated levels of serum CX3CL1 and Gal-3 in newborns with PPHN are positively correlated with the severity of condition，and the combined detection of these two has high predictive value for the 30-day prognosis of newborns.