Abstract:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy（SAE）is a common neurological complication in sepsis，with an incidence rate of 70% in the intensive care unit，and approximately half of the patients suffer from long-term cognitive dysfunction.Currently，clinical treatment mainly focuses on anti-infection and supportive therapy，lacking specific intervention measures targeting core pathological processes such as neuroinflammation，blood-brain barrier disruption，mitochondrial dysfunction，and oxidative stress. This study systematically reviews the latest progress in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in SAE and its transition from basic research to clinical practice，providing new strategies for the clinical treatment plan of SAE.