Abstract:Partial hepatectomy remains a primary surgical option for treating liver tumors. However, postoperative hepatic dysfunction and severe complications, including liver dysfunction and liver failure, occur with incidences ranging from 11.3% to 38.8%. Recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), as an emerging neuromodulatory technique, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential for perioperative organ protection. Extensive preclinical studies have demonstrated that VNS exerts significant protective effects on organs via multiple mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and cellular protective actions. This review systematically evaluates the multifaceted factors contributing to perioperative liver injury and comprehensively investigates the protective mechanisms and applications of VNS during the perioperative period, aiming to provide innovative insights and a robust theoretical foundation for the management and prevention of liver diseases.