Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative oral administration of netupitant/palonosetron hydrochloride capsule (NEPA, Akynzeo?) on the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods A total of 400 patients who underwent LC from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 at the Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Center of Xuzhou Central Hospital were selected and randomly divided into LC group (n=200) and NEPA +LC group (n=200). Patients in LC group received regular LC. In addition, to the treatment in the LC group, patients in the NEPA+LC group took 1 capsule of NEPA orally before surgery. The preoperative general information, intraoperative situation, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and prognosis of the patients were studied. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and postoperative complications ( P> 0.05). The postoperative hospital stay time of patients in the NEPA +LC group was significantly shorter than that in the LC group [ ( 3.52±1.33) d vs (3.97±1.20) d, t= 3.558, P＜0.01]. The overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (22.0% vs 34.5%, χ²=7.709, P= 0.006). The proportion of nausea and vomiting in the three periods of 0-8 h, > 8-24 h and>24-48 h after operation in the NEPA +LC group were lower than those in the LC group, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). Moreover, the severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the NEPA +LC group was lower than that in the LC group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z= 2.949, P= 0.003). Conclusion Oral administration of NEPA before surgery can prevent the occurrence of nausea and vomiting in patients after LC, and reduce the severity of nausea and vomiting.